“Heavy-Duty Vehicles charging infrastructure energy demand and factors affecting their placement in Finland”
Authors: Saleem Rashid, Anna Tupitsina, Marek Rehtla, Altti Merilainen, Niko Nevaranta, Jero Ahola and Tuomo Lindh,Affiliation: Lappeenranta University of Technology
Reference: 2025, Vol 46, No 2, pp. 69-88.
Keywords: battery electric truck; charging infrastructure; European Union regulations; energy demand; geo-spatial mapping; heavy-duty vehicles
Abstract: A notable share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road freight in Europe stems from heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Despite being a small fraction of the overall vehicle fleet in Finland, the contribution of HDVs towards GHG emissions is disproportionately large. European Union (EU) aims to reduce the new HDV fleets emissions to 30 percent by 2030, with Finland targeting a 50 percent reduction in transport sector emissions by 2030 and complete elimination by 2045. This study aims for the estimation of energy and power demand for electrification of HDVs in Finland, however the approach can be applied to other regions and countries as well. Utilizing traffic volume data from 376 traffic measurement system (TMS) points on Finland’s 28 main roads, the study classifies HDVs and calculates their fuel and electrical energy consumption (EEC). The results indicate a need for 4.89 TWh of annual peak energy for 100 percent electrification of HDVs, reflecting a minimum 0.614 GW power demand and requiring 1,755 chargers (each with a capacity of 350 kW at 22 h/day utilization). The analysis includes spatial mapping of energy density, energy demand, power requirements, and charging stations placement based on alternative fuels infrastructure regulations (AFIR) by EU. The obtained results can be future utilized to study local grid strength and possibility to participate in the frequency markets.
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BibTeX:
@article{MIC-2025-2-2,
title={{Heavy-Duty Vehicles charging infrastructure energy demand and factors affecting their placement in Finland}},
author={Rashid, Saleem and Tupitsina, Anna and Rehtla, Marek and Merilainen, Altti and Nevaranta, Niko and Ahola, Jero and Lindh, Tuomo},
journal={Modeling, Identification and Control},
volume={46},
number={2},
pages={69--88},
year={2025},
doi={10.4173/mic.2025.2.2},
publisher={Norwegian Society of Automatic Control}
};