“Norwegian Residential Energy Demand: Coordinated use of a System Engineering and a Macroeconomic Model”

Authors: Tor A Johnsen and Fridtjof F. Unander,
Affiliation: Statistics Norway and Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)
Reference: 1996, Vol 17, No 3, pp. 183-192.

Keywords: Energy, Economy, General equilibrium model, Linear programming model

Abstract: In Norway, the system engineering model MARKAL and the macroeconomic model MSG-EE are both used in studies of national CO2 controlling strategies. MARKAL is a linear programming model that calculates a composite set of technologies necessary to meet demand and environmental constraints at minimised total energy expenditure. MSG-EE is an applied general equilibrium model including the link between economic activity, energy demand and emissions to air. MSG-EE has a theory consistent description of the link between income, prices and energy demand, but the representation of technological improvements is simple. MARKAL has a sophisticated description of future energy technology options, but includes no feedback to the general economy. A project for studying the potential for a coordinated use of these two models was initiated and funded by the Norwegian Research Council (NFR). This paper gives a brief presentation of the two models. Results from independent model calculations show that MARKAL gives a signficant lower residential energy demand than MSG-EE does. This is explained by major differences in modelling approach. A first attempt of coordinating the residential energy demand in the models is reported. This attempt shows that implementing results from MARKAL, in MSG-EE for the residential sector alone gives little impact on the general economy. A further development of an iteration procedure between the models should include all energy using sectors.

PDF PDF (1275 Kb)        DOI: 10.4173/mic.1996.3.2

DOI forward links to this article:
[1] Erik Trømborg, Monica Havskjold, Ole Lislebø and Per Kristian Rørstad (2011), doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.08.009
[2] Thomas Martinsen (2011), doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.025
[3] M. Jagath and I. Davidson (2005), doi:10.1109/PESAFR.2005.1611794
[4] Paolo Pisciella, E. Ruben van Beesten and Asgeir Tomasgard (2023), doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.129320
References:
[1] AASNESS, J., HOLTSMARK, B. (1993). Consumer demand in a general Equilibrium Model for Environmental Analysis, Discussion Papers 105, Statistics Norway. Oslo, Norway.
[2] FISHBONE, L.G. et at (1983). User´s Guide for MARKAL, BNL/KFA Version 2.0, BNL 51701. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y. 11973.
[3] HOFFMANN, K.C., JORGENSON, D.W. (1977). Economic and Technological Models for the Evaluation of Energy Policies, The Bell Journal of Economics, vol. 8, no. 12.
[4] JOHANSEN, L. (1960). A Multi-Sectoral Study of Economic Growth, North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[5] MANNE, A.S., WENE, C.-O. (1992). MARKAL-MACRO: A Linked Model for Energy - Economy Analysis, BNL-47161. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y. 11973.
[6] MOUM, K. (1992). Klima, økonomi og tiltak (KLØKT), Report 92/3, Statistics Norway, Oslo, Norway. (In Norwegian).
[7] UNANDER, F. (1993). CO2 Emission Control in Norway, Results from IEA-ETSAP Annex IV, IFE/KR/E-92/008. Institutt for energiteknikk, Kjeller, Norway.


BibTeX:
@article{MIC-1996-3-2,
  title={{Norwegian Residential Energy Demand: Coordinated use of a System Engineering and a Macroeconomic Model}},
  author={Johnsen, Tor A and Unander, Fridtjof F.},
  journal={Modeling, Identification and Control},
  volume={17},
  number={3},
  pages={183--192},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.4173/mic.1996.3.2},
  publisher={Norwegian Society of Automatic Control}
};